Pushing to the limit: The Native Americans' extreme version of polo
The style of polo played by the Native Americans of the 1700s and 1800s was the ultimate test of combative skills and horsemanship.
Despite being considered as one of the oldest team sports in the world, the origins of polo have been widely debated, with the earliest aspects of the game dating back thousands of years. While polo’s exact roots are unknown, it is interesting to observe how the game has been played in various countries by different cultures and civilizations throughout history, to evolve into the modern version of the sport we know and love today.
In a fascinating article written by author Casper W. Whitney in a supplement from Harper's Weekly published in 1891, Whitney explores the development of polo in America, touching upon the rich history of polo, prior to the game arriving in the USA via England. Notably, he mentions the style of polo played by the Native Americans of the 1700s and 1800s. He describes the game as ‘like shinny on horseback’ (an informal type of hockey played on ice), with the Indians expertly using a short stick and riding with ‘a recklessness born of a set purpose to get possession of the ball, no matter what happens.’
From Whitney's account, the Indians displayed remarkable horsemanship and combative skills to do whatever it took to get the ball, including pulling one another from their horses. Whitney suggested that their form of ‘riding off’ would be more appropriately named as ‘riding down’, as players often ended up on the ground and would sometimes be pretty ‘badly damaged’, but happy nonetheless. A sketch of Native American Indian players, drawn by Mr. Remington from Whitney’s description of the game, gives us an idea of the speed, skill, force, brutality and aggression of their version of the game. Note the lack of tack for the horses or protection for the riders.
The Indians did not play with any particular number of players - sometimes there would be four players, sometimes eight - and there didn’t seem to be any rules - everything was permissible!